Dissecting Model Failures in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Segmentation through Explainability-Driven Analysis

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.24801v1
• Date: Wed, 25 Mar 2026 20:30:03 GMT
• Title: Dissecting Model Failures in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Segmentation through Explainability-Driven Analysis
• Abstract summary: We propose an Explainable AI (XAI) guided encoder shaping framework.<n>Our method computes a dense, attribution-based encoder focus map ("XAI field") from the final encoder block.<n>We evaluate clinically validated challenging cases curated for failure-prone scenarios.
• Score: 0.73392829835903
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Computed tomography image segmentation of complex abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) often fails because the models assign internal focus to irrelevant structures or do not focus on thin, low-contrast targets. Where the model looks is the primary training signal, and thus we propose an Explainable AI (XAI) guided encoder shaping framework. Our method computes a dense, attribution-based encoder focus map ("XAI field") from the final encoder block and uses it in two complementary ways: (i) we align the predicted probability mass to the XAI field to promote agreement between focus and output; and (ii) we route the field into a lightweight refinement pathway and a confidence prior that modulates logits at inference, suppressing distractors while preserving subtle structures. The objective terms serve only as control signals; the contribution is the integration of attribution guidance into representation and decoding. We evaluate clinically validated challenging cases curated for failure-prone scenarios. Compared to a base SAM setup, our implementation yields substantial improvements. The observed gains suggest that explicitly optimizing encoder focus via XAI guidance is a practical and effective principle for reliable segmentation in complex scenarios.

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