Hyperbolic Cluster States for Fault-Tolerant Measurement-Based Quantum Computing

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27004v1
• Date: Fri, 27 Mar 2026 21:28:52 GMT
• Title: Hyperbolic Cluster States for Fault-Tolerant Measurement-Based Quantum Computing
• Abstract summary: We introduce the hyperbolic cluster state, a generalization of the three-dimensional cluster state to negatively curved geometries.<n>Results show that hyperbolic cluster states exhibit a fault-tolerance threshold comparable to that of the Euclidean RHG cluster state.<n>These findings establish hyperbolic geometry as a powerful and experimentally relevant resource for scalable, fault-tolerant MBQC.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: Fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) provides a compelling framework for fault-tolerant quantum computation, in which quantum information is processed through single-qubit measurements on a three-dimensional entangled resource known as cluster state. To date, this resource has been predominantly studied on Euclidean lattices, most notably in the Raussendorf-Harrington-Goyal (RHG) construction, which underlies topological fault tolerance in MBQC. In this work, we introduce the hyperbolic cluster state, a generalization of the three-dimensional cluster state to negatively curved geometries, obtained via the foliation of periodic hyperbolic lattices. We present an explicit construction of hyperbolic cluster states and investigate their fault-tolerant properties under a realistic circuit-level depolarizing noise model. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we perform memory experiments to characterize their logical error rates and decoding performance. Our results demonstrate that hyperbolic cluster states exhibit a fault-tolerance threshold comparable to that of the Euclidean RHG cluster state, while simultaneously supporting a constant encoding rate in the thermodynamic limit. This represents a substantial improvement in qubit overhead relative to conventional cluster-state constructions. These findings establish hyperbolic geometry as a powerful and experimentally relevant resource for scalable, fault-tolerant MBQC and open new avenues for leveraging negative curvature in quantum information processing.

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