Structured detection microscopy

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.00413v1
• Date: Wed, 01 Apr 2026 02:54:53 GMT
• Title: Structured detection microscopy
• Abstract summary: spatial mode demultiplexing can achieve far sub-wavelength resolution and is applicable to biologically relevant samples.<n>By enabling super-resolution biomolecular imaging without emitter saturation and reflectionity, our work opens the door to better understanding biological structure, function and dynamics.
• Score: 0.7329200485567826
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Super-resolution microscopy is crucial for imaging sub-wavelength biological structures. However, most techniques rely on nonlinear saturation or stochastic switching of emitters, limiting imaging speed and increasing phototoxicity. Here, we achieve deep super-resolution without employing saturation or stochastic dynamics, instead using a form of spatial mode demultiplexing. By shaping the point-spread function of the emitted light, our Structured Detection Microscope (SDM) redistributes information away from high shot-noise regions of the image, enhancing sensitivity to sub-diffraction emitter separations in two-dimensions and without mode-sorting optics. Implementing SDM within a high-numerical aperture total internal reflection fluorescence microscope, we demonstrate imaging of fluorophores attached to DNA nanorulers with separations as small as 50 nm at resolutions surpassing 40 nm - fivefold below the diffraction limit. This shows that spatial mode demultiplexing can achieve far sub-wavelength resolution and is applicable to biologically relevant samples. By enabling super-resolution biomolecular imaging without emitter saturation and stochasticity, our work opens the door to better understanding biological structure, function and dynamics.

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