Quadratic Quantum Polarimetry with Entangled Photon Pairs

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09257v1
• Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2026 12:17:06 GMT
• Title: Quadratic Quantum Polarimetry with Entangled Photon Pairs
• Abstract summary: We introduce a two-photon probing approach in which both photons of an entangled pair interact with the same depolarizing medium simultaneously.<n>We show that depolarization induces degradation of entanglement and state purity.<n>These results establish two-photon probing as a higher-order quantum polarimetric modality for characterizing polarization channels.
• Score: 31.84289776601848
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Conventional polarimetry, including schemes leveraging entangled light, characterizes optical samples through linear transformations of polarization states. We introduce a two-photon probing approach in which both photons of an entangled pair interact with the same depolarizing medium simultaneously. In this regime, the transformation of the two-photon polarization correlations becomes quadratic in the Mueller matrix, enabling access to second-order polarization information beyond conventional polarimetry. We develop a theoretical framework linking the Mueller matrix to the evolution of the two-photon polarization correlation tensor and show that depolarization induces quadratic degradation of entanglement and state purity. Experiments using polarization-entangled photon pairs transmitted through controlled scattering media confirm the predicted response and reveal enhanced sensitivity to polarization scrambling compared with single-photon probing. These results establish two-photon probing as a higher-order quantum polarimetric modality for characterizing polarization channels.

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