SLQ: Bridging Modalities via Shared Latent Queries for Retrieval with Frozen MLLMs

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.13710v2
• Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 02:05:13 GMT
• Title: SLQ: Bridging Modalities via Shared Latent Queries for Retrieval with Frozen MLLMs
• Abstract summary: We argue that adapting MLLMs for retrieval should focus on eliciting pre-trained representations rather than overwriting them.<n>We propose SLQ, an effective and efficient framework that adapts a frozen MLLM into a retriever through a small set of Shared Latent Queries.<n>Experiments show that SLQ outperforms full fine-tuning and LoRA on COCO and Flickr30K, while achieving competitive performance on MMEB.
• Score: 9.469794564250625
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit strong reasoning and world knowledge, yet adapting them for retrieval remains challenging. Existing approaches rely on invasive parameter updates, such as full fine-tuning and LoRA, which may disrupt the pre-trained semantic space and impair the structured knowledge essential for reasoning. In this work, we argue that adapting MLLMs for retrieval should focus on eliciting pre-trained representations rather than overwriting them. To this end, we propose SLQ, an effective and efficient framework that adapts a frozen MLLM into a retriever through a small set of Shared Latent Queries. Appended to the end of both text and image token sequences, these queries leverage the model's native causal attention to serve as global aggregation interfaces, producing compact embeddings in a unified space while keeping the backbone unchanged. Furthermore, to better evaluate retrieval beyond superficial pattern matching, we construct KARR-Bench, a benchmark designed for knowledge-aware reasoning retrieval. Extensive experiments show that SLQ outperforms full fine-tuning and LoRA on COCO and Flickr30K, while achieving competitive performance on MMEB and yielding substantial gains on KARR-Bench. The results demonstrate that SLQ, which preserves pre-trained representations, provides an effective and efficient framework for adapting MLLMs to retrieval.

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