Universal Description of Decoherence in Scale-Invariant Environments

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15445v1
• Date: Thu, 16 Apr 2026 18:03:43 GMT
• Title: Universal Description of Decoherence in Scale-Invariant Environments
• Abstract summary: We show that when a quantum system couples to a scale-invariant environment, what form must its decoherence take?<n>We validate the framework using multi-channel transport data from the unitary Fermi gas.<n>We show that quantum Ising criticality, inflationary cosmology, and high-energy astrophysical neutrinos are unified as specific realizations of the same structure.
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• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: When a quantum system couples to a scale-invariant environment, what form must its decoherence take? We prove that the answer is unique: under locality, Lorentz invariance, unitarity, and continuous scale invariance, the effect of any such environment is mathematically equivalent to that of an \emph{unparticle bath} -- a scale-invariant continuum of states -- characterized entirely by the scaling dimension $d_{\mathcal{U}}$ of the coupled operator. This is not a modelling choice but a consequence of conformal symmetry. All decoherence and dissipation exponents are fixed by $d_{\mathcal{U}}$ through exact consistency relations, providing falsifiable predictions independent of microscopic details. We validate the framework using multi-channel transport data from the unitary Fermi gas, where two genuinely independent observables yield a consistent $d_{\mathcal{U}} = 7/4$. We further show that quantum Ising criticality, inflationary cosmology, and high-energy astrophysical neutrinos -- spanning more than 25 orders of magnitude in energy -- are unified as specific realizations of the same structure. A decoherence phase transition at $d_{\mathcal{U}} = 5/2$, where quantum coherence is \emph{protected} rather thandestroyed at long times, is a qualitative prediction inaccessible to any memoryless dynamical description.

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