Quantum many-body operator cascade as a route to chaos

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16720v1
• Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2026 21:47:40 GMT
• Title: Quantum many-body operator cascade as a route to chaos
• Abstract summary: We show that the slowest-decaying operators have a nontrivial fractal dimension quantifying their non-locality.<n>We find that unitarity imposes a constraint, i.e., an (approximate) equality, between the temporal decay rate of local correlations and this spatial operator fractal dimension.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: Dynamical properties of classical chaotic systems, for instance relaxation, can be understood as emerging from the time evolution of initially smooth long-wavelength densities to ever finer short-wavelength densities with fractal structure. Whether there is any analogous fractality by which one could characterize quantum many-body chaos is not known. By studying the spectral properties of the truncated operator propagator, we provide such structures. Namely, we show that the slowest-decaying operators, i.e., the leading Ruelle-Pollicott eigenvectors, have a nontrivial fractal dimension quantifying their non-locality, visible also in the divergence of their condition numbers. Furthermore, we find that unitarity imposes a constraint, i.e., an (approximate) equality, between the temporal decay rate of local correlations and this spatial operator fractal dimension. With this insight, a scenario for many-body quantum chaos becomes clear: over time, local operators evolve towards increasingly non-local ones with a quantifiable fractal structure, thereby naturally leading to effective non-unitary relaxation on the subspace of local operators - a kind of many-body Kolmogorov cascade in the space of operators. Our predictions are demonstrated in various quantum circuits: the kicked Ising model, brickwall circuits with a random 2-qubit gate, and dual-unitary circuits, where our results are exact.

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