Ultimate sensitivity of multiparameter estimation in quantum sensing with undetected photons

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19120v1
• Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2026 05:59:29 GMT
• Title: Ultimate sensitivity of multiparameter estimation in quantum sensing with undetected photons
• Abstract summary: Quantum sensing with undetected photons is a technique where photons of one wavelength probe a sample, but information is extracted by measuring photons of another wavelength that never interact with the sample.<n>This has seen significant experimental advances in applications such as spectroscopy, microscopy, and bio-sensing.<n>This work clarifies the metrological power of quantum sensing with undetected photons, and provides guidance for the design of experiments requiring high sensitivity.
• Score: 2.3211747448522377
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Quantum sensing with undetected photons is a technique where photons of one wavelength probe a sample, but information is extracted by measuring photons of another wavelength that never interacts with the sample. This has seen significant experimental advances in applications such as spectroscopy, microscopy, and bio-sensing. However, a detailed theoretical analysis using the tools of quantum metrology is currently lacking. Thus it is unclear how far away current schemes are from fundamental limits, and what the optimal measurement strategies are. We apply a multiparameter quantum estimation framework to quantify the error when estimating the unknown transmission and phase shift of a sample. The optimal measurement scheme is shown to require only a single controllable phase shift, easily implementable in existing setups. We also study how to use multipass interactions to maximise information gain. In general the optimum number of passes scales inversely with the log of the transmission of the sample. This work clarifies the metrological power of quantum sensing with undetected photons, and provides guidance for the design of experiments requiring high sensitivity.

Related papers

• Certifying non-classicality and non-Gaussianity through optical parametric amplification [0.41049218803584786]
  Non-Gaussian states of light are essential for numerous quantum information protocols.<n>We show that optical parametric amplification combined with conventional intensity detectors can effectively replace this approach.<n>We successfully certify the non-Gaussianity of a heralded quasi-single-photon state.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2025-07-24T11:01:39Z)
• Incoherent Measurement of Sub-10 kHz Optical Linewidths [0.0]
  The most common tool for measuring narrow optical homogeneous linewidths, i.e. long $T$, is the measurement of coherent photon echo emissions. This strongly hampers the development of nano-materials, such as those based on rare earth ions, for quantum communication and processing. In this work we propose, and demonstrate in an erbium doped crystal, a measurement of photon echoes based on incoherent fluorescence detection and its variance analysis.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-11-10T17:21:21Z)
• Universal quantum frequency comb measurements by spectral mode-matching [39.58317527488534]
  We present the first general approach to make arbitrary, one-shot measurements of a multimode quantum optical source. This approach uses spectral mode-matching, which can be understood as interferometry with a memory effect.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2024-05-28T15:17:21Z)
• Classification of quantum states of light using random measurements through a multimode fiber [42.5342379899288]
  We present an optical scheme based on sending unknown input states through a multimode fiber. A short multimode fiber implements effectively a random projection in the spatial domain. A long-dispersive multimode fiber performs a spatial and spectral projection.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-10-20T15:48:06Z)
• Design and simulation of a transmon qubit chip for Axion detection [103.69390312201169]
  Device based on superconducting qubits has been successfully applied in detecting few-GHz single photons via Quantum Non-Demolition measurement (QND) In this study, we present Qub-IT's status towards the realization of its first superconducting qubit device.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2023-10-08T17:11:42Z)
• Integrated Quantum Optical Phase Sensor [48.7576911714538]
  We present a photonic integrated circuit fabricated in thin-film lithium niobate. We use the second-order nonlinearity to produce a squeezed state at the same frequency as the pump light and realize circuit control and sensing with electro-optics. We anticipate that on-chip photonic systems like this, which operate with low power and integrate all of the needed functionality on a single die, will open new opportunities for quantum optical sensing.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-12-19T18:46:33Z)
• On-chip quantum information processing with distinguishable photons [55.41644538483948]
  Multi-photon interference is at the heart of photonic quantum technologies. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that detection can be implemented with a temporal resolution sufficient to interfere photons detuned on the scales necessary for cavity-based integrated photon sources. We show how time-resolved detection of non-ideal photons can be used to improve the fidelity of an entangling operation and to mitigate the reduction of computational complexity in boson sampling experiments.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-10-14T18:16:49Z)
• Resolution of 100 photons and quantum generation of unbiased random numbers [0.0]
  Quantum detection of light is mostly relegated to the microscale. The ability to perform measurements to resolve photon numbers is highly desirable for a variety of quantum information applications. In this work, we extend photon measurement into the mesoscopic regime by implementing a detection scheme based on multiplexing highly quantum-efficient transition-edge sensors.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-05-02T21:34:01Z)
• Quantifying n-photon indistinguishability with a cyclic integrated interferometer [40.24757332810004]
  We report on a universal method to measure the genuine indistinguishability of n-photons. Our approach relies on a low-depth cyclic multiport interferometer with N = 2n modes. We experimentally demonstrate this technique for a 8-mode integrated interferometer fabricated using femtosecond laser micromachining.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2022-01-31T16:30:52Z)
• Enhanced nonlinear quantum metrology with weakly coupled solitons and particle losses [58.720142291102135]
  We offer an interferometric procedure for phase parameters estimation at the Heisenberg (up to 1/N) and super-Heisenberg scaling levels. The heart of our setup is the novel soliton Josephson Junction (SJJ) system providing the formation of the quantum probe. We illustrate that such states are close to the optimal ones even with moderate losses.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2021-08-07T09:29:23Z)
• Scalable multiphoton quantum metrology with neither pre- nor post-selected measurements [0.0]
  We experimentally demonstrate a scalable protocol for quantum-enhanced optical phase estimation. The robustness of two-mode squeezed vacuum states against loss allows us to outperform schemes based on N00N states. Our work is important for quantum technologies that rely on multiphoton interference.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-11-04T18:11:33Z)
• Quantum metamaterial for nondestructive microwave photon counting [52.77024349608834]
  We introduce a single-photon detector design operating in the microwave domain based on a weakly nonlinear metamaterial. We show that the single-photon detection fidelity increases with the length of the metamaterial to approach one at experimentally realistic lengths. In stark contrast to conventional photon detectors operating in the optical domain, the photon is not destroyed by the detection and the photon wavepacket is minimally disturbed.
  arXiv  Detail & Related papers  (2020-05-13T18:00:03Z)

This list is automatically generated from the titles and abstracts of the papers in this site.

This site does not guarantee the quality of this site (including all information) and is not responsible for any consequences.