Stateful Embedded Fuzzing with Peripheral-Accurate SystemC Virtual Prototypes

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19824v1
• Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2026 12:43:42 GMT
• Title: Stateful Embedded Fuzzing with Peripheral-Accurate SystemC Virtual Prototypes
• Abstract summary: We present a novel framework that integrates AFL++ with a stateful SystemC-TLM virtual prototype to enable realistic fuzzing of embedded software.<n> Fuzzer-generated inputs are injected directly into peripheral models, allowing peripherals to trigger natural side effects such as interrupts and FIFO updates.<n>Results on embedded workloads show that our approach eliminates false positives while maintaining comparable code coverage and execution performance as state-of-the-art tools.
• Score: 0.5359378066251386
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The increasing complexity of embedded software has made comprehensive manual testing impractical, motivating the use of automated techniques such as fuzzing. Coverage-guided fuzzers like AFL++ have shown strong results for conventional software but remain challenging to apply effectively in embedded contexts, where peripheral behaviors play critical roles. Existing approaches either use fast user-mode simulators, sacrificing peripheral realism, or rely on full-system simulators with manual instrumentation, limiting applicability to large-scale software. In this work, we present a novel framework that integrates AFL++ with a stateful SystemC-TLM virtual prototype to enable realistic fuzzing of embedded software. Fuzzer-generated inputs are injected directly into peripheral models, allowing peripherals to trigger natural side effects such as interrupts and FIFO updates. By integrating fuzzing with full-system simulation, our framework advances the effectiveness of pre-silicon testing for embedded systems. Results on embedded workloads show that our approach eliminates false positives while maintaining comparable code coverage and execution performance as state-of-the-art tools.

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