From Characterization To Construction: Generative Quantum Circuit Synthesis from Gate Set Tomography Data

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.01367v1
• Date: Sat, 02 May 2026 10:25:10 GMT
• Title: From Characterization To Construction: Generative Quantum Circuit Synthesis from Gate Set Tomography Data
• Abstract summary: This article proposes a quantum machine learning control framework for generative quantum circuit synthesis from gate-set tomography data.<n>A generative concept space is directly learnt from GST data, enabling conditional synthesis of quantum circuits on a desired output distribution.<n>This end-to-end framework is a step towards context-aware, hardware-native circuit synthesis directly from raw GST data.
• Score: 0.6326710848102507
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Abstract: High-fidelity circuit execution on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices is bottlenecked by compilation pipelines that disregard complex, correlated noise. To address this, this methodology article proposes a quantum machine learning control (QMLC) framework for generative quantum circuit synthesis from gate-set tomography (GST) data that bypasses the traditional two-step pipeline of characterizing native quantum gates via GST followed by unitary decomposition algorithms. Instead, a generative concept space is directly learnt from GST data, enabling conditional synthesis of quantum circuits on a desired output distribution. Our approach tokenizes GST germ circuits and embeds them into a structured latent space using a curriculum-learning-motivated strategy, starting with short circuits and progressively incorporating longer ones with diverse output statistics. The embedded sequences are processed by a set-vision transformer with permutation-invariant pooling, producing k-seed vectors that represent the learned concept space of the quantum device. Aggregating data across multiple circuits makes this latent representation inherently context-aware, capturing the shared physical noise environment (e.g., crosstalk, drift) that isolated gate metrics miss. We propose an unconditional diffusion model to sample from the concept space. During inference, a user provides a target measurement distribution, and the model generates a corresponding circuit. To ensure fidelity and robustness, the output is denoised using a diffusion model that operates on the target conditional covariance matrix. This end-to-end framework is a step towards context-aware, hardware-native circuit synthesis directly from raw GST data, which offers a new paradigm for integrating quantum control and compilation. The QMLC framework is particularly suited for near-term quantum devices with complex calibration procedures.

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