LLMs for Secure Hardware Design and Related Problems: Opportunities and Challenges

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.10807v3
• Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 07:06:57 GMT
• Title: LLMs for Secure Hardware Design and Related Problems: Opportunities and Challenges
• Abstract summary: Large Language Models (LLMs) are being integrated into Electronic Design Automation (EDA) and hardware security.<n>LLMs offer unprecedented capabilities in generating Register Transfer Level (RTL) code, automating testbenches, and bridging the semantic gap between high-level specifications and silicon.<n>This review provides an in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art in LLM-driven hardware design, organized around key advancements in EDA synthesis, hardware trust, design for security, and education.
• Score: 13.013353332008869
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Electronic Design Automation (EDA) and hardware security is rapidly reshaping the semiconductor industry. While LLMs offer unprecedented capabilities in generating Register Transfer Level (RTL) code, automating testbenches, and bridging the semantic gap between high-level specifications and silicon, they simultaneously introduce severe vulnerabilities. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art in LLM-driven hardware design, organized around key advancements in EDA synthesis, hardware trust, design for security, and education. We systematically expand on the methodologies of recent breakthroughs -- from reasoning-driven synthesis and multi-agent vulnerability extraction to data contamination and adversarial machine learning (ML) evasion. We integrate general discussions on critical countermeasures, such as dynamic benchmarking to combat data memorization and aggressive red-teaming for robust security assessment. Finally, we synthesize cross-cutting lessons learned to guide future research toward secure, trustworthy, and autonomous design ecosystems.

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