PG-LRF: Physiology-Guided Latent Rectified Flow for Electro-Hemodynamic PPG-to-ECG Generation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12541v1
• Date: Sat, 09 May 2026 07:39:58 GMT
• Title: PG-LRF: Physiology-Guided Latent Rectified Flow for Electro-Hemodynamic PPG-to-ECG Generation
• Abstract summary: Photoplethysmography is ubiquitous in wearables but lacks ECG-specific diagnostic morphology.<n>Existing methods rely on statistical alignment and data-driven generation.<n>We propose PG-LRF, a physiology-guided latent flow framework.
• Score: 51.79176059799321
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Electrocardiography (ECG) is the clinical standard for cardiac assessment but requires dedicated hardware that does not scale to daily-life monitoring. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is ubiquitous in wearables but lacks ECG-specific diagnostic morphology and is corrupted by motion and sensor noise. PPG-to-ECG generation aims to bridge this gap by recovering electrical morphology and timing from peripheral pulse signals. However, existing methods largely rely on statistical alignment and data-driven generation. They fail to explicitly structure the latent space around physiology-aware electro-hemodynamic factors and lack constraints from forward physiological dynamics. To address these challenges, we propose PG-LRF, a physiology-guided latent rectified flow framework. PG-LRF introduces an electro-hemodynamic simulator that co-models ECG and PPG through shared cardiac phase dynamics. Guided by this simulator, a Physiology-Aware AutoEncoder learns a structured electro-hemodynamic latent space. Then we integrate this simulator guidance into a PPG-conditioned latent rectified flow, enforcing ECG-side morphology consistency and ECG-to-PPG forward hemodynamic consistency during generative transport. Experiments on the large-scale MC-MED dataset demonstrate that PG-LRF significantly improves PPG-to-ECG generation and downstream cardiovascular disease classification, proving its ability to generate ECGs that are both signal-faithful and physiologically plausible under the ECG-to-PPG hemodynamic pathway

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