Quantifying Cyber-Vulnerability in Power Electronics Systems via an Impedance-Based Attack Reachable Domain

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.14502v1
• Date: Thu, 14 May 2026 07:47:43 GMT
• Title: Quantifying Cyber-Vulnerability in Power Electronics Systems via an Impedance-Based Attack Reachable Domain
• Abstract summary: This letter proposes an impedance-based Attack Reachable Domain framework that maps feasible adversarial actions to critical-eigenvalue migration.<n>An Attack Penetration Index is defined to quantify node-level cyber-vulnerability.<n>Case studies show that coordinated cross-layer manipulations are markedly more damaging than isolated single-layer attacks.
• Score: 10.456457295840005
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Power electronics systems are increasingly exposed to cyber threats due to their integration with digital controllers and communication networks. However, an attacker-oriented metric is still lacking to quantify the extent to which a node can be pushed toward instability within a privilege-constrained action space. This letter proposes an impedance-based Attack Reachable Domain (ARD) framework that maps feasible adversarial actions to critical-eigenvalue migration through impedance reshaping. Based on the ARD, an Attack Penetration Index is defined to quantify node-level cyber-vulnerability by jointly characterizing the penetration of the nominal stability margin and the accessibility of successful destabilizing attacks within a privilege-constrained action space. To make the proposed assessment computable when inverter models are unavailable, a practical gray-box workflow is further established by integrating existing impedance identification and differentiable surrogate tools. Case studies on a 4-bus system and a modified IEEE 39-bus system show that coordinated cross-layer manipulations are markedly more damaging than isolated single-layer attacks, and that the proposed metric reveals vulnerability patterns that cannot be inferred from grid-strength indicators.

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