Scheduling That Speaks: An Interpretable Programmatic Reinforcement Learning Framework

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18454v1
• Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 14:19:59 GMT
• Title: Scheduling That Speaks: An Interpretable Programmatic Reinforcement Learning Framework
• Abstract summary: ProRL is a novel interpretable programmatic reinforcement learning framework.<n>It achieves high-performance scheduling with human-readable and editable program policies.<n>ProRL learns which scheduling rules to select, and hence, it naturally incorporates existings already used in industrial scenarios.
• Score: 3.903101278501413
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has recently emerged as a promising approach to solve combinatorial optimization problems such as job shop scheduling. However, the policies learned by DRL are typically represented by deep neural networks (DNNs), whose opaque neural architectures and non-interpretable policy decisions can lead to critical trust and usability concerns for human decision makers. In addition, the computational requirements of DNNs can further hinder practical deployment in resource constrained environments. In this work, we propose ProRL, a novel interpretable programmatic reinforcement learning framework that achieves high-performance scheduling with human-readable and editable programmatic policies (i.e., programs). We first introduce a domain-specific language for scheduling (DSL-S) to represent scheduling strategies as structured programs. ProRL then explores the program space defined by DSL-S using local search to identify incomplete programs, which are subsequently completed by learning their parameters via Bayesian optimization. ProRL learns which scheduling heuristic rules to select, and hence, it naturally incorporates existing heuristics already used in industrial scenarios. Experiments on widely used benchmark instances demonstrate the strong performance of ProRL against existing heuristics and DRL baselines. Furthermore, ProRL performs well under strongly constrained computational resources, such as training with only 100 episodes. Our code is available at https://github.com/HcPlu/ProRL.

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