Hyrax: An Extensible Framework for Rapid ML Experimentation and Unsupervised Discovery in the Era of Rubin, Roman, and Euclid

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.18959v1
• Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 18:00:06 GMT
• Title: Hyrax: An Extensible Framework for Rapid ML Experimentation and Unsupervised Discovery in the Era of Rubin, Roman, and Euclid
• Abstract summary: We present Hyrax, an open-source, modular, GPU-enabled Python framework that supports the full machine learning lifecycle in astronomy.<n>We demonstrate Hyrax's versatility through five representative applications on real survey data.
• Score: 26.715408970731332
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: The NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory, Roman Space Telescope, Euclid, and other next-generation surveys will deliver imaging, spectroscopic, and time-domain data at scales that increasingly shift the bottleneck in astronomical machine learning (ML) projects from model design to infrastructure. We present Hyrax, an open-source, modular, GPU-enabled Python framework that supports the full ML lifecycle in astronomy: from data acquisition and training to inference and experiment comparison, with capabilities including multimodal dataset support, integrated vector databases for similarity search, and interactive two- and three-dimensional latent-space exploration for unsupervised discovery. We demonstrate Hyrax's versatility through five representative applications on real survey data: (i) unsupervised representation learning on $\sim 4\times10^5$ Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Data Preview 1 (DP1) galaxies, surfacing new merger and low-surface-brightness candidates missing from reference Euclid and Dark Energy Survey catalogs, while also isolating imaging artifacts -- all without labeled training data; (ii) hybrid density-based clustering for identifying cluster-scale gravitational lens candidates in DP1 data; (iii) multimodal early-time transient classification in the Zwicky Transient Facility leveraging light curves, spectra, images, and metadata; (iv) supervised false-positive filtering in shift-and-stack searches for distant solar system objects in the Dark Energy Camera Ecliptic Exploration Project survey; and (v) supervised detection of semi-resolved dwarf galaxies in Hyper Suprime-Cam and LSST-like imaging using synthetic source injection. Together, these results demonstrate that Hyrax provides astronomy-specific ML infrastructure that enables systematic discovery and rapid methodological iteration across next-generation astronomical surveys.

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