ReacTOD: Bounded Neuro-Symbolic Agentic NLU for Zero-Shot Dialogue State Tracking

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19077v1
• Date: Mon, 18 May 2026 20:06:04 GMT
• Title: ReacTOD: Bounded Neuro-Symbolic Agentic NLU for Zero-Shot Dialogue State Tracking
• Abstract summary: We propose ReacTOD, a bounded neuro-symbolic architecture that reformulates NLU as discrete tool calls within a self-correcting ReAct loop governed by deterministic validation.<n>A bounded ReAct loop enables iterative self-correction, improving accuracy by up to 9.3 percentage points over single-pass inference on MultiWOZ.
• Score: 2.2573512203799626
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Task-oriented dialogue systems -- handling transactions, reservations, and service requests -- require predictable behavior, yet the moderately-sized LLMs needed for practical latency are prone to hallucination and format errors that cascade into incorrect actions (e.g., a hotel booked for the wrong date). We propose ReacTOD, a bounded neuro-symbolic architecture that reformulates NLU as discrete tool calls within a self-correcting ReAct loop governed by deterministic validation. A bounded ReAct loop enables iterative self-correction, improving accuracy by up to 9.3 percentage points over single-pass inference on MultiWOZ. A symbolic validator enforces action compliance, schema conformance, and coreference consistency on every dialogue state update, achieving a 93.1% self-correction rate on intercepted errors and producing structured execution traces. Incremental state prediction and on-demand history retrieval keep prompts compact, empirically improving instruction adherence in parameter-constrained models. On MultiWOZ 2.1, ReacTOD achieves a new zero-shot state-of-the-art: gpt-oss-20B reaches 52.71% joint goal accuracy, surpassing the previous best by 14 percentage points, while Qwen3-8B achieves 47.34% with only 8B parameters. On the Schema-Guided Dialogue (SGD) benchmark, ReacTOD with Claude-Opus-4.6 achieves 80.68% JGA under fully end-to-end evaluation with predicted domains, and Qwen3-32B reaches 64.09% -- demonstrating cross-benchmark generalization without task-specific training data.

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