Exceptional Points as Manifestations of Analyticity Breakdown in the 't Hooft Model

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.10141v3
• Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2026 13:26:27 GMT
• Title: Exceptional Points as Manifestations of Analyticity Breakdown in the 't Hooft Model
• Abstract summary: We use the exactly-solvable t Hooft model of 1+1D large-N_c QCD as a rigorous laboratory for the breakdown of analyticity of a causal response function.<n>A PT-symmetric deformation drives the lowest two mesons to an exceptional point (EP) at gamma_c.<n>This is the first analytically-controlled instance of exceptional-point analyticity breakdown in a confining gauge theory.
• Score: 1.8867357521563244
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: We use the exactly-solvable t Hooft model of 1+1D large-N_c QCD as a rigorous laboratory for the breakdown of analyticity of a causal response function, the meson two-point function. A PT-symmetric deformation i gamma(x-1/2) of the light-cone meson operator, the analogue of an imaginary chemical potential, drives the lowest two mesons to an exceptional point (EP) at gamma_c. Recasting the resolvent as a Jacobi continued fraction yields gamma_c in closed form: 2 pi g^2 N_c at the two-pole level, converging to 7.966 g^2 N_c by depth five -- an analytic, not numerical, threshold. The square-root exponent nu=1/2 is fixed by the 2x2 Jordan form and confirmed by finite-size scaling to N=1999. The breakdown has an unambiguous time-domain signature: the propagator norm is bounded for gamma < gamma_c, grows linearly at gamma_c (the Jordan secular law), and exponentially beyond -- observable, since the deformed operator is a non-Hermitian Wannier-Stark ladder, in photonic and topolectrical analogues. The threshold is locked to confinement, gamma_c propto g^2 N_c, and recurs as a uniform EP cascade; a second, non-reciprocal deformation yields an exactly-exponential non-Hermitian skin effect. This is the first analytically-controlled instance of exceptional-point analyticity breakdown in a confining gauge theory.

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