Per-Entity Bias Mapping for AI Visibility: Why Brand Mentions Require Entity-Specific Calibration

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.21595v1
• Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 16:50:29 GMT
• Title: Per-Entity Bias Mapping for AI Visibility: Why Brand Mentions Require Entity-Specific Calibration
• Abstract summary: This paper argues that aggregate metrics are insufficient because entities exhibit systematically different AI visibility error profiles.<n>Three failure modes are identified: underrepresented entities suffer invisibility due to weak knowledge graph presence; large entities suffer the Brand Hallucination Paradox.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: AI-mediated answer systems increasingly determine how brands and organizations are represented to users. Existing approaches reduce visibility to mention rate or citation frequency. This paper argues that aggregate metrics are insufficient because entities exhibit systematically different AI visibility error profiles. We introduce Per-Entity Bias Mapping (PEBM): a ten-dimensional framework distinguishing raw from verified mentions. Three failure modes are identified: (1) underrepresented entities suffer invisibility due to weak knowledge graph presence; (2) large entities suffer the Brand Hallucination Paradox -- model familiarity creates stronger surfaces for plausible but incorrect completions; (3) CEE entities face a structural infrastructure gap across knowledge graphs, NER, and entity linking. A fourth dimension, Parametric-Retrieval Lag Asymmetry, describes divergence between retrieval-augmented and parametric memory update cycles. A full-scale empirical study (n=100 Hungarian B2B entities, 1,400 probe runs, 2,062 sources) finds Tier 1 brands produce 52.69% fabricated citations versus 37.87% for Tier 3 entities (+14.82 pp; p=1.67e-11), supporting the Brand Hallucination Paradox. Regulatory-framed queries elevate fabrication to 56.77% versus 37.59% baseline (+19.2 pp). We identify rejection-induced confabulation escalation: agentic quality filters function as hallucination accelerators in compliance contexts. We introduce ghost cartography as a unifying mechanism: entities in sparse latent regions produce confident output interpolated from neighboring dense regions, yielding a two-dimensional confabulation space (fabricated presence vs. frozen representation).

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