GenDiff: A Dose and Anatomy Aware Diffusion Model with Structural Prior Refinement for Low-Dose CT Reconstruction and Generalization

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.11941v1
• Date: Sat, 11 Jul 2026 09:05:51 GMT
• Title: GenDiff: A Dose and Anatomy Aware Diffusion Model with Structural Prior Refinement for Low-Dose CT Reconstruction and Generalization
• Abstract summary: We propose GenDiff, a generalizable diffusion-based framework for low-dose CT reconstruction.<n>We show that GenDiff consistently outperforms state-of-the-art convolutional neural network and diffusion-based reconstruction methods.<n>The proposed approach achieves superior reconstruction quality while maintaining strong robustness across different dose levels, anatomical regions, and acquisition domains.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) is a critical imaging modality for clinical diagnosis, but reducing radiation dose inevitably introduces severe noise and structured artifacts that degrade image quality. Existing deep learning-based low-dose CT (LDCT) reconstruction methods are typically optimized for fixed dose levels or specific anatomical regions, limiting their robustness and generalization in realistic clinical settings. We propose GenDiff, a generalizable diffusion-based framework for LDCT reconstruction that jointly models continuous radiation dose and anatomical information within a unified reconstruction network. The proposed framework integrates a Dose-Anatomy Encoder to learn acquisition-aware embeddings, a dose- and anatomy-conditioned cold diffusion backbone for iterative refinement, a physics-consistency update to enforce fidelity to the CT forward model, and a Structural Prior Refinement Module (SPRM) that preserves anatomical structures while suppressing dose-dependent artifacts. Extensive experiments on multi-anatomy clinical datasets, including unseen ultra-low-dose conditions as well as out-of-distribution phantom and animal datasets, demonstrate that GenDiff consistently outperforms state-of-the-art convolutional neural network and diffusion-based reconstruction methods. The proposed approach achieves superior reconstruction quality while maintaining strong robustness across different dose levels, anatomical regions, and acquisition domains, making it a promising solution for practical low-dose CT imaging.

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