A magnetic monopole in a superfluid bubble

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.15093v1
• Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2026 15:03:34 GMT
• Title: A magnetic monopole in a superfluid bubble
• Abstract summary: Magnetic monopoles lie at the crossroads of gauge fields, topology, geometric phases, and charge quantization.<n>We show that an emergent Dirac-monopole framework arises naturally from the dynamics of massive quantum vortices in a spherical superfluid shell.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Magnetic monopoles lie at the crossroads of gauge fields, topology, geometric phases, and charge quantization, yet they remain elusive as fundamental particles. Here we show that an emergent Dirac-monopole framework arises naturally from the dynamics of massive quantum vortices in a spherical superfluid shell. Their dynamics is formally equivalent to that of interacting charged particles constrained to a sphere in the field of a magnetic monopole. The monopole charge is fixed by the superfluid density and automatically satisfies Dirac's quantization condition. The emergent monopole description predicts cyclotron-like vortex motion, in quantitative agreement with Gross--Pitaevskii simulations. We further show that topological frustration induced by two like-charged polar vortices gives rise to the formation of an equatorial vortex necklace, a configuration reminiscent of the polygonal cyclone clusters observed around Jupiter's poles, before its subsequent breakup through a Kelvin--Helmholtz-like instability. Within this framework, the vortex necklace may be viewed as a quantized analogue of Wu--Yang gauge patching. Our results establish spherical superfluids as a versatile platform for realizing and exploring fundamental aspects of Dirac-monopole physics.

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