Sub-Rayleigh Imaging of Unequal-Intensity Sources: Near-Quantum-Limit Multiparameter Estimation

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.07868v1
• Date: Sat, 08 Aug 2026 02:42:02 GMT
• Title: Sub-Rayleigh Imaging of Unequal-Intensity Sources: Near-Quantum-Limit Multiparameter Estimation
• Abstract summary: In this paper, we adapt super-resolved position localization by inversion of coherence along an edge to estimate the intensity of two incoherent sources simultaneously.<n>We demonstrate a clear advantage over direct imaging (DI), achieving a root mean squared error (RMSE) approximately $50 %$ larger than the quantum limit and a sixfold improvement over DI within the range of parameters we tested.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: In optical imaging, diffraction strongly degrades the performance of conventional intensity-based estimation once the separation between two sources is below the Rayleigh-Abbe limit. Recent developments showed that this limitation can be surpassed using spatial-mode demultiplexing (SPADE), and this was demonstrated in several experiments for two equal-intensity spots of unknown separation. When there are multiple unknown parameters, as in the case of several unequal sources with unknown intensities and unknown separation, cross-talk among the parameters makes the multi-parameter estimation problem significantly more challenging. In this paper, we adapt super-resolved position localization by inversion of coherence along an edge (SPLICE) to estimate both the separation and relative intensity of two incoherent sources simultaneously. We demonstrate a clear advantage over direct imaging (DI), achieving a root mean squared error (RMSE) approximately $50 \%$ larger than the quantum limit and a sixfold improvement over DI within the range of parameters we tested. This improvement can be even greater for smaller separations and larger intensity imbalances when crosstalk is suppressed.

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