Splat-based Metal Artifact Reduction in Cone-Beam CT via Polychromatic Modeling

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.13159v1
• Date: Thu, 13 Aug 2026 12:25:42 GMT
• Title: Splat-based Metal Artifact Reduction in Cone-Beam CT via Polychromatic Modeling
• Abstract summary: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables volumetric reconstruction from X-ray projections, but suffers from severe artifacts.<n>These artifacts arise from the polychromatic nature of X-rays and are not properly addressed by conventional monochromatic reconstruction algorithms.<n>We propose a novel physics-inspired, self-calibrating metal artifact reduction method that efficiently reconstructs 3D CBCT volumes while correcting beam hardening artifacts.
• Score: 20.20799007791201
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables volumetric reconstruction from X-ray projections, but suffers from severe artifacts--especially beam hardening--when imaging materials with high attenuation such as metals. These artifacts arise from the polychromatic nature of X-rays and are not properly addressed by conventional monochromatic reconstruction algorithms. While recent neural representation-based methods offer improved reconstruction quality, they are computationally expensive and often impractical for deployment. We propose a novel physics-inspired, self-calibrating metal artifact reduction method that efficiently reconstructs 3D CBCT volumes while correcting beam hardening artifacts. Our method integrates a polychromatic X-ray projection model, material-dependent attenuation profiles, and system response modeling into a Gaussian Splatting framework. Unlike prior work, we eliminate the need for manual metal masks or strong prior assumptions, and we optimize both reconstruction parameters and X-ray spectral characteristics jointly during training. We further introduce a high-fidelity synthetic CBCT dataset generation pipeline validated on Monte-Carlo x-ray simulation toolbox and release new datasets with severe metal-induced artifacts to support the community. This is the first splat-based method for reducing beam hardening in CBCT. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in artifact suppression and reconstruction accuracy.

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