Observing Bell Inequality Violation Beyond the Qubit Bound in a Spinor Bose--Einstein Condensate

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2608.24981v1
• Date: Tue, 25 Aug 2026 16:53:16 GMT
• Title: Observing Bell Inequality Violation Beyond the Qubit Bound in a Spinor Bose--Einstein Condensate
• Abstract summary: Correlations allowed by quantum mechanics can defy any classical explanation, with Bell nonlocality standing as their most profound and operationally powerful manifestation.<n>Here we report the observation of qutrit Bell correlations in a spin-1 $87$Rb Bose-Einstein condensate via the violation of a Bell witness based on collective spin observables only.
• Score: 8.366844441859362
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Correlations allowed by quantum mechanics can defy any classical explanation, with Bell nonlocality standing as their most profound and operationally powerful manifestation. While nonlocality has been demonstrated across a wide range of platforms, in many-body systems it has remained limited to ensembles of qubits, leaving the observation of higher-dimensional multipartite Bell correlations an open challenge. Here we report the observation of qutrit Bell correlations in a spin-1 $^{87}$Rb Bose-Einstein condensate via the violation of a Bell witness based on collective spin observables only. Exploiting spin-exchange collisions in an ensemble of $N \simeq 3.1 \times 10^{4}$ atoms, we generate spin-nematic squeezing of $-11.8(7)$ dB and observe a violation that surpasses the minimum bound achievable by a collection of $N$ qubits, providing direct evidence of genuine multipartite qutrit Bell correlations. Our results establish spinor Bose-Einstein condensates as a viable platform for investigating high-dimensional Bell correlations in the many-body regime, and demonstrate that coarse-grained collective measurements suffice to certify the dimensionality of quantum correlations at macroscopic scales.

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