Sub-6 GHz Over-the-Air AMC via Curriculum Fine-Tuned CNN-Transformers

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2609.07726v1
• Date: Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:35:50 GMT
• Title: Sub-6 GHz Over-the-Air AMC via Curriculum Fine-Tuned CNN-Transformers
• Abstract summary: We report a curriculum fine-tuning study of a hybrid CNN-Transformer AMC model.<n>We report matched-distance test accuracy (91.8-93.7% across all five 4 GHz conditions) and confusion-matrix analysis grounded in RF theory.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Automatic modulation classification (AMC) models are frequently trained and validated on synthetic or channel-cabled data, leaving open the question of how they behave once path loss and antenna pointing error are introduced by a genuine free-space link. We report a curriculum fine-tuning study of a hybrid CNN-Transformer AMC model. The general-purpose, all-32-class dataset underlying the model was built entirely at 915 MHz, on a controlled, clock/PPS-synchronized MIMO-expansion-cable link (not spatial-multiplexing transmission); all subsequent free-space, real-hardware experimentation - the sequential fine-tuning curriculum, matched-distance evaluation, and every reported over-the-air accuracy figure - was carried out at 4 GHz, across five directional-antenna distances (25, 35, 50, 70, 75 cm) under fixed TX/RX gain. Three distances used near-ideal antenna alignment (~99%) and two used a deliberately introduced partial misalignment (~85%), fine-tuned last in the curriculum. We report matched-distance test accuracy (91.8-93.7% across all five 4 GHz conditions) and confusion-matrix analysis grounded in RF theory, and report honestly where our sequential fine-tuning order confounds cumulative link adaptation with antenna alignment, rather than overstating what the data can support.

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