Theoretical methods for ultrastrong light-matter interactions
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.08715v2
- Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2020 22:32:13 GMT
- Title: Theoretical methods for ultrastrong light-matter interactions
- Authors: Alexandre Le Boit\'e
- Abstract summary: This article reviews theoretical methods developed to understand cavity quantum electrodynamics in the ultrastrong-coupling regime.
The article gives a broad overview of the recent progress, ranging from analytical estimate of ground-state properties to proper computation of master equations.
Most of the article is devoted to effective models, relevant for the various experimental platforms in which the ultrastrong coupling has been reached.
- Score: 91.3755431537592
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: This article reviews theoretical methods developed in the last decade to
understand cavity quantum electrodynamics in the ultrastrong-coupling regime,
where the strength of the light-matter interaction becomes comparable to the
photon frequency. Along with profound modifications of fundamental quantum
optical effects giving rise to a rich phenomenology, this regime introduces
significant theoretical challenges. One of the most important is the break-down
of the rotating-wave approximation which neglects all non-resonant terms in
light-matter interaction Hamiltonians. Consequently, a large part of the
quantum optical theoretical framework has to be revisited in order to
accurately account for all interaction terms in this regime. We give in this
article a broad overview of the recent progress, ranging from analytical
estimate of ground-state properties to proper derivations of master equations
and computation of photodetection signals. For each aspect of the theory, the
basic principles of the methods are illustrated on paradigmatic models such as
quantum Rabi and spin-boson models. In this spirit, most of the article is
devoted to effective models, relevant for the various experimental platforms in
which the ultrastrong coupling has been reached, such as semiconductor
microcavities and superconducting circuits. The validity of these models is
discussed in the last part of the article, where we address recent debates on
fundamental issues related to gauge invariance in the ultrastrong-coupling
regime.
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