Theory of Photon Condensation in a Spatially-Varying Electromagnetic Field

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.09088v3
• Date: Thu, 24 Sep 2020 16:16:08 GMT
• Title: Theory of Photon Condensation in a Spatially-Varying Electromagnetic Field
• Authors: G.M. Andolina, F.M.D. Pellegrino, V. Giovannetti, A.H. MacDonald, M. Polini
• Abstract summary: We show that the no-go theorem does not apply to spatially-varying quantum cavity fields. Only 3DESs satisfying the Condon inequality can harbor photon condensation. Our theory is non-perturbative in the strength of electron-electron interaction.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The realization of equilibrium superradiant quantum phases (photon condensates) in a spatially-uniform quantum cavity field is forbidden by a "no-go" theorem stemming from gauge invariance. We here show that the no-go theorem does not apply to spatially-varying quantum cavity fields. We find a criterion for its occurrence that depends solely on the static, non-local orbital magnetic susceptibility $\chi_{\rm orb}(q)$, of the electronic system (ES) evaluated at a cavity photon momentum $\hbar q$. Only 3DESs satisfying the Condon inequality $\chi_{\rm orb}(q)>1/(4\pi)$ can harbor photon condensation. For the experimentally relevant case of two-dimensional (2D) ESs embedded in quasi-2D cavities the criterion again involves $\chi_{\rm orb}(q)$ but also the vertical size of the cavity. We use these considerations to identify electronic properties that are ideal for photon condensation. Our theory is non-perturbative in the strength of electron-electron interaction and therefore applicable to strongly correlated ESs.

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