Attosecond Dynamics in Liquids
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.04913v1
- Date: Sun, 6 Sep 2020 18:40:28 GMT
- Title: Attosecond Dynamics in Liquids
- Authors: H. J. W\"orner, A. Schild, D. Jelovina, I. Jordan, C. Perry, T. T.
Luu, Z. Yin
- Abstract summary: We review the first steps in developing attosecond time-resolved measurements in liquids.
In the first part, we discuss attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy with cylindrical microjets.
In the second part, we introduce HHS of liquids based on flat microjets.
- Score: 0.0
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: Attosecond science is well developed for atoms and promising results have
been obtained for molecules and solids. Here, we review the first steps in
developing attosecond time-resolved measurements in liquids. These advances
provide access to time-domain studies of electronic dynamics in the natural
environment of chemical reactions and biological processes. We concentrate on
two techniques that are representative of the two main branches of attosecond
science: pump-probe measurements using attosecond pulses and high-harmonic
spectroscopy (HHS). In the first part, we discuss attosecond photoelectron
spectroscopy with cylindrical microjets and its application to measure time
delays between liquid and gaseous water. We present the experimental
techniques, the new data-analysis methods and the experimental results. We
describe in detail the conceptual and theoretical framework required to fully
describe attosecond chronoscopy in liquids at a quantum-mechanical level. This
includes photoionization delays, scattering delays, as well as a coherent
description of electron transport and (laser-assisted) photoemission and
scattering. As a consequence, we show that attosecond chronoscopy of liquids
is, in general, sensitive to both types of delays, as well as the electron
mean-free paths. Through detailed modeling, involving state-of-the-art quantum
scattering and Monte-Carlo trajectory methods, we show that the photoionization
delays dominate in attosecond chronoscopy of liquid water at photon energies of
20-30 eV. This conclusion is supported by a near-quantitative agreement between
experiment and theory. In the second part, we introduce HHS of liquids based on
flat microjets. These results represent the first observation of high-harmonic
generation (HHG) in liquids extending well beyond the visible into the
extreme-ultraviolet regime.
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