Observation of a non-Hermitian phase transition in an optical quantum gas

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.15829v3
• Date: Mon, 5 Apr 2021 06:24:59 GMT
• Title: Observation of a non-Hermitian phase transition in an optical quantum gas
• Authors: Fahri Emre \"Ozt\"urk, Tim Lappe, G\"oran Hellmann, Julian Schmitt, Jan Klaers, Frank Vewinger, Johann Kroha and Martin Weitz
• Abstract summary: Quantum gases of light, as photons or polariton condensates in optical microcavities, are collective quantum systems. We experimentally demonstrate a non-Hermitian phase transition of a photon Bose-Einstein condensate to a new dissipative phase.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Quantum gases of light, as photons or polariton condensates in optical microcavities, are collective quantum systems enabling a tailoring of dissipation from e.g. cavity loss. This makes them a tool to study dissipative phases, an emerging subject in quantum manybody physics. Here we experimentally demonstrate a non-Hermitian phase transition of a photon Bose-Einstein condensate to a new dissipative phase, characterized by a biexponential decay of the condensate's second-order coherence. The phase transition occurs due to the emergence of an exceptional point in the quantum gas. While Bose-Einstein condensation is usually connected to ordinary lasing by a smooth crossover, the observed phase transition separates the novel, biexponential phase from both lasing and an intermediate, oscillatory condensate regime. Our findings pave the way for studies of a wide class of dissipative quantum phases, for instance in topological or lattice systems.

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