Fault-tolerant qubit from a constant number of components
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.08213v2
- Date: Tue, 7 Dec 2021 22:37:58 GMT
- Title: Fault-tolerant qubit from a constant number of components
- Authors: Kianna Wan, Soonwon Choi, Isaac H. Kim, Noah Shutty, Patrick Hayden
- Abstract summary: Gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation.
We propose a fault-tolerant quantum computing scheme that can nonetheless be assembled from a small number of experimental components.
- Score: 1.0499611180329804
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold
required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle
to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the
huge overhead imposed by quantum error correction itself. We propose a
fault-tolerant quantum computing scheme that can nonetheless be assembled from
a small number of experimental components, potentially dramatically reducing
the engineering challenges associated with building a large-scale
fault-tolerant quantum computer. Our scheme has a threshold of 0.39% for
depolarising noise, assuming that memory errors are negligible. In the presence
of memory errors, the logical error rate decays exponentially with
$\sqrt{T/\tau}$, where $T$ is the memory coherence time and $\tau$ is the
timescale for elementary gates. Our approach is based on a novel procedure for
fault-tolerantly preparing three-dimensional cluster states using a single
actively controlled qubit and a pair of delay lines. Although a circuit-level
error may propagate to a high-weight error, the effect of this error on the
prepared state is always equivalent to that of a constant-weight error. We
describe how the requisite gates can be implemented using existing technologies
in quantum photonic and phononic systems. With continued improvements in only a
few components, we expect these systems to be promising candidates for
demonstrating fault-tolerant quantum computation with a comparatively modest
experimental effort.
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