Photon recoil and laser focusing limits to Rydberg gate fidelity
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.09639v1
- Date: Thu, 19 Nov 2020 04:05:54 GMT
- Title: Photon recoil and laser focusing limits to Rydberg gate fidelity
- Authors: F. Robicheaux, T. M. Graham, M. Saffman
- Abstract summary: Rydberg gate fidelity that arise from the entanglement of internal states of neutral atoms with the motional degrees of freedom is quantified.
This occurs when the atom is in a superposition of internal states but only one of these states is manipulated by visible or UV photons.
The Schr"odinger equation that describes this situation is presented and two cases are explored.
- Score: 0.0
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: Limits to Rydberg gate fidelity that arise from the entanglement of internal
states of neutral atoms with the motional degrees of freedom due to the
momentum kick from photon absorption and re-emission is quantified. This occurs
when the atom is in a superposition of internal states but only one of these
states is manipulated by visible or UV photons. The Schr\"odinger equation that
describes this situation is presented and two cases are explored. In the first
case, the entanglement arises because the spatial wave function shifts due to
the separation in time between excitation and stimulated emission. For neutral
atoms in a harmonic trap, the decoherence can be expressed within a sudden
approximation when the duration of the laser pulses are shorter than the
harmonic oscillator period. In this limit, the decoherence is given by simple
analytic formulas that account for the momentum of the photon, the temperature
of the atoms, the harmonic oscillator frequency, and atomic mass. In the second
case, there is a reduction in gate fidelity because the photons causing
absorption and stimulated emission are in focused beam modes. This leads to a
dependence of the optically induced changes in the internal states on the
center of mass atomic position. In the limit where the time between pulses is
short, the decoherence can be expressed as a simple analytic formula involving
the laser waist, temperature of the atoms, the trap frequency and the atomic
mass. These limits on gate fidelity are studied for the standard $\pi-2\pi-\pi$
Rydberg gate and a new protocol based on a single adiabatic pulse with Gaussian
envelope.
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