Tunable Einstein-Bohr recoiling-slit gedankenexperiment at the quantum limit

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.10664v1
• Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2024 16:09:53 GMT
• Title: Tunable Einstein-Bohr recoiling-slit gedankenexperiment at the quantum limit
• Authors: Yu-Chen Zhang, Hao-Wen Cheng, Zhao-Qiu Zengxu, Zhan Wu, Rui Lin, Yu-Cheng Duan, Jun Rui, Ming-Cheng Chen, Chao-Yang Lu, Jian-Wei Pan,
• Abstract summary: We report a faithful realization of the Einstein-Bohr interferometer using a single atom in an optical tweezer. The atom has an intrinsic momentum uncertainty comparable to a single photon, which serves as a movable slit. We identify classical noise due to atom heating and precession, illustrating a quantum-to-classical transition.
• Score: 3.775951157440374
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: In 1927, during the fifth Solvay Conference, Einstein and Bohr described a double-slit interferometer with a "movable slit" that can detect the momentum recoil of one photon. Here, we report a faithful realization of the Einstein-Bohr interferometer using a single atom in an optical tweezer, cooled to the motional ground state in three dimensions. The single atom has an intrinsic momentum uncertainty comparable to a single photon, which serves as a movable slit obeying the minimum Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The atom's momentum wavefunction is dynamically tunable by the tweezer laser power, which enables observation of an interferometric visibility reduction at a shallower trap, demonstrating the quantum nature of this interferometer. We further identify classical noise due to atom heating and precession, illustrating a quantum-to-classical transition.

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