Time Parametrizations in Long-Range Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensates

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.11591v5
• Date: Thu, 23 Sep 2021 13:47:08 GMT
• Title: Time Parametrizations in Long-Range Interacting Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Authors: Eiji Konishi
• Abstract summary: Time-parametrization invariance in general relativistic space-time does not allow us to single out a time in quantum mechanics in a mechanical way of measurement. We find that it is a theoretical counterexample of this gauge invariance, except for proper-time translational invariance, at a coarse-grained level.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Time-reparametrization invariance in general relativistic space-time does not allow us to single out a time in quantum mechanics in a mechanical way of measurement. Motivated by this problem, we examine this gauge invariance in the ground state of the quasi-stationary coarse-grained state of a long-range interacting closed system of identical or identified, macroscopic, and spatiotemporally inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates in the thermodynamic and Newtonian limits. As a result, we find that it is a theoretical counterexample of this gauge invariance, except for proper-time translational invariance, at a coarse-grained level.

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