Epidemic spreading and herd immunity in a driven non-equilibrium system of strongly-interacting atoms

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.12290v1
• Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2021 10:18:31 GMT
• Title: Epidemic spreading and herd immunity in a driven non-equilibrium system of strongly-interacting atoms
• Authors: Dong-Sheng Ding, Zong-Kai Liu, Hannes Busche, Bao-Sen Shi, Guang-Can Guo, Charles S. Adams, and Franco Nori
• Abstract summary: We show experimentally a physics analog of epidemic spreading using optically driven non-equilibrium phase transitions in Rydberg atoms. We observe spatially localized phase transitions and their interplay in different parts of the sample. Results indicate that Rydberg systems are versatile enough to model complex spatial-temporal dynamics.
• Score: 1.1433552757485808
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: It is increasingly important to understand the spatial dynamics of epidemics. While there are numerous mathematical models of epidemics, there is a scarcity of physical systems with sufficiently well-controlled parameters to allow quantitative model testing. It is also challenging to replicate the macro non-equilibrium effects of complex models in microscopic systems. In this work, we demonstrate experimentally a physics analog of epidemic spreading using optically driven non-equilibrium phase transitions in strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. Using multiple laser beams we can impose any desired spatial structure. We observe spatially localized phase transitions and their interplay in different parts of the sample. These phase transitions simulate the outbreak of an infectious disease in multiple locations, as well as the dynamics towards herd immunity and endemic state in different regimes. The reported results indicate that Rydberg systems are versatile enough to model complex spatial-temporal dynamics.

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