Speeding up Learning Quantum States through Group Equivariant Convolutional Quantum Ans\"atze

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2112.07611v3
• Date: Thu, 14 Sep 2023 07:16:08 GMT
• Title: Speeding up Learning Quantum States through Group Equivariant Convolutional Quantum Ans\"atze
• Authors: Han Zheng, Zimu Li, Junyu Liu, Sergii Strelchuk, Risi Kondor
• Abstract summary: We develop a framework for convolutional quantum circuits with SU$(d)$symmetry. We prove Harrow's statement on equivalence between $nameSU(d)$ and $S_n$ irrep bases.
• Score: 13.651587339535961
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We develop a theoretical framework for $S_n$-equivariant convolutional quantum circuits with SU$(d)$-symmetry, building on and significantly generalizing Jordan's Permutational Quantum Computing (PQC) formalism based on Schur-Weyl duality connecting both SU$(d)$ and $S_n$ actions on qudits. In particular, we utilize the Okounkov-Vershik approach to prove Harrow's statement (Ph.D. Thesis 2005 p.160) on the equivalence between $\operatorname{SU}(d)$ and $S_n$ irrep bases and to establish the $S_n$-equivariant Convolutional Quantum Alternating Ans\"atze ($S_n$-CQA) using Young-Jucys-Murphy (YJM) elements. We prove that $S_n$-CQA is able to generate any unitary in any given $S_n$ irrep sector, which may serve as a universal model for a wide array of quantum machine learning problems with the presence of SU($d$) symmetry. Our method provides another way to prove the universality of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and verifies that 4-local SU($d$) symmetric unitaries are sufficient to build generic SU($d$) symmetric quantum circuits up to relative phase factors. We present numerical simulations to showcase the effectiveness of the ans\"atze to find the ground state energy of the $J_1$--$J_2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on the rectangular and Kagome lattices. Our work provides the first application of the celebrated Okounkov-Vershik's $S_n$ representation theory to quantum physics and machine learning, from which to propose quantum variational ans\"atze that strongly suggests to be classically intractable tailored towards a specific optimization problem.

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