Quantum phase transitions in the $K$-layer Ising toric code

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10384v1
• Date: Tue, 25 Jan 2022 15:14:23 GMT
• Title: Quantum phase transitions in the $K$-layer Ising toric code
• Authors: L. Schamriss, L. Lenke, M. M\"uhlhauser, K.P. Schmidt
• Abstract summary: Investigation of the $K$-layer Ising toric code corresponding to $K$ layers of two-dimensional toric codes coupled by Ising interactions. For small Ising interactions the system displays $mathbbZK$ topological order originating from the toric codes in each layer. The latter is demonstrated for general $K$ by deriving an effective low-energy model in $Krm th$-order perturbation theory. Extrapolation of the elementary energy gaps gives convincing evidence that the ground-state phase diagram consists of a single quantum critical point in the
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: We investigate the quantum phase diagram of the $K$-layer Ising toric code corresponding to $K$ layers of two-dimensional toric codes coupled by Ising interactions. While for small Ising interactions the system displays $\mathbb{Z}_2^K$ topological order originating from the toric codes in each layer, the system shows $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological order in the high-Ising limit. The latter is demonstrated for general $K$ by deriving an effective low-energy model in $K^{\rm th}$-order degenerate perturbation theory, which is given as an effective anisotropic single-layer toric code in terms of collective pseudo-spins 1/2 refering to the two ground states of isolated Ising chain segments. For the specific cases $K=3$ and $K=4$ we apply high-order series expansions to determine the gap series in the low- and high-Ising limit. Extrapolation of the elementary energy gaps gives convincing evidence that the ground-state phase diagram consists of a single quantum critical point in the 3d Ising* universality class for both $K$ separating both types of topological order, which is consistent with former findings for the bilayer Ising toric code.

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