Entanglement-interference complementarity and experimental demonstration in a superconducting circuit

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.06549v2
• Date: Wed, 3 May 2023 14:18:51 GMT
• Title: Entanglement-interference complementarity and experimental demonstration in a superconducting circuit
• Authors: Xin-Jie Huang, Pei-Rong Han, Wen Ning, Shou-Bang Yang, Xin Zhu, Jia-Hao L\"u, Ri-Hua Zheng, Hekang Li, Zhen-Biao Yang, Kai Xu, Chui-Ping Yang, Qi-Cheng Wu, Dongning Zheng, Heng Fan, and Shi-Biao Zheng
• Abstract summary: Quantum entanglement between an interfering particle and a detector for acquiring the which-path information plays a central role for enforcing Bohr's complementarity principle. Here we find an equality for quantifying the relation between this entanglement and the fringe visibility. We experimentally demonstrate this relation with a superconducting circuit, where a resonator serves as a which-path detector for an interfering qubit.
• Score: 13.591959156678946
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Quantum entanglement between an interfering particle and a detector for acquiring the which-path information plays a central role for enforcing Bohr's complementarity principle. However, the quantitative relation between this entanglement and the fringe visibility remains untouched upon for an initial mixed state. Here we find an equality for quantifying this relation. Our equality characterizes how well the interference pattern can be preserved when an interfering particle, initially carrying a definite amount of coherence, is entangled, to a certain degree, with a which-path detector. This equality provides a connection between entanglement and interference in the unified framework of coherence, revealing the quantitative entanglement-interference complementarity. We experimentally demonstrate this relation with a superconducting circuit, where a resonator serves as a which-path detector for an interfering qubit. The measured fringe visibility of the qubit's Ramsey signal and the qubit-resonator entanglement exhibit a complementary relation, in well agreement with the theoretical prediction.

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