Quasiparticle Poisoning of Superconducting Qubits from Resonant Absorption of Pair-breaking Photons

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.06577v1
• Date: Sun, 13 Mar 2022 05:54:28 GMT
• Title: Quasiparticle Poisoning of Superconducting Qubits from Resonant Absorption of Pair-breaking Photons
• Authors: Chuan-Hong Liu, David C. Harrison, Shravan Patel, Christopher D. Wilen, Owen Rafferty, Abigail Shearrow, Andrew Ballard, Vito Iaia, Jaseung Ku, Britton L.T. Plourde, Robert McDermott
• Abstract summary: We show that a dominant mechanism for quasiparticle poisoning in superconducting qubits is direct absorption of high-energy photons at the qubit junction. A deep understanding of this physics will pave the way to realization of next-generation superconducting qubits.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: The ideal superconductor provides a pristine environment for the delicate states of a quantum computer: because there is an energy gap to excitations, there are no spurious modes with which the qubits can interact, causing irreversible decay of the quantum state. As a practical matter, however, there exists a high density of excitations out of the superconducting ground state even at ultralow temperature; these are known as quasiparticles. Observed quasiparticle densities are of order 1~$\mu$m$^{-3}$, tens of orders of magnitude larger than the equilibrium density expected from theory. Nonequilibrium quasiparticles extract energy from the qubit mode and induce discrete changes in qubit offset charge, a potential source of dephasing. Here we show that a dominant mechanism for quasiparticle poisoning in superconducting qubits is direct absorption of high-energy photons at the qubit junction. We use a Josephson junction-based photon source to controllably dose qubit circuits with millimeter-wave radiation, and we use an interferometric quantum gate sequence to reconstruct the charge parity on the qubit island. We find that the structure of the qubit itself acts as a resonant antenna for millimeter-wave radiation, providing an efficient path for photons to generate quasiparticle excitations. A deep understanding of this physics will pave the way to realization of next-generation superconducting qubits that are robust against quasiparticle poisoning and could enable a new class of quantum sensors for dark matter detection.

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