Third law of thermodynamics and the scaling of quantum computers
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.09545v2
- Date: Mon, 3 Oct 2022 14:41:46 GMT
- Title: Third law of thermodynamics and the scaling of quantum computers
- Authors: Lorenzo Buffoni, Stefano Gherardini, Emmanuel Zambrini Cruzeiro,
Yasser Omar
- Abstract summary: A fundamental assumption of quantum computing is to start each computation from a register of qubits in a pure state, i.e., at zero temperature.
We argue how the existence of a small, but finite, effective temperature, which makes the initial state a mixed state, poses a real challenge to the fidelity constraints required for the scaling of quantum computers.
- Score: 5.161531917413708
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: The third law of thermodynamics, also known as the Nernst unattainability
principle, puts a fundamental bound on how close a system, whether classical or
quantum, can be cooled to a temperature near to absolute zero. On the other
hand, a fundamental assumption of quantum computing is to start each
computation from a register of qubits initialized in a pure state, i.e., at
zero temperature. These conflicting aspects, at the interface between quantum
computing and thermodynamics, are often overlooked or, at best, addressed only
at a single-qubit level. In this work, we argue how the existence of a small,
but finite, effective temperature, which makes the initial state a mixed state,
poses a real challenge to the fidelity constraints required for the scaling of
quantum computers. Our theoretical results, carried out for a generic quantum
circuit with $N$-qubit input states, are validated by test runs performed on a
real quantum processor.
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