Superradiance and subradiance in a gas of two-level atoms
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.15255v2
- Date: Wed, 21 Sep 2022 22:02:15 GMT
- Title: Superradiance and subradiance in a gas of two-level atoms
- Authors: Hanzhen Ma, Oriol Rubies-Bigorda, and Susanne F. Yelin
- Abstract summary: Cooperative effects describe atomic ensembles with exchange of photonic excitations.
Superradiance arises from spontaneous emission when this exchange leads to constructive interference of the emitted photons.
We introduce an integrated method for studying cooperative radiation in many-body systems.
- Score: 0.0
- License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Abstract: Cooperative effects describe atomic ensembles with exchange of photonic
excitations, such as dipole-dipole interactions. As a particular example,
superradiance arises from spontaneous emission when this exchange leads to
constructive interference of the emitted photons. Here, we introduce an
integrated method for studying cooperative radiation in many-body systems. This
method, which allows to study extended systems with arbitrarily large number of
particles can be formulated by an effective, nonlinear, two-atom master
equation that describes the dynamics using a closed form which treats single-
and many-body terms on an equal footing. We apply this method to a homogeneous
gas of initially inverted two-level atoms, and demonstrate the appearance of
both superradiance and subradiance, identifying a many-body coherence term as
the source of these cooperative effects. We describe the many-body induced
broadening - which is analytically found to scale with the optical depth of the
system - and light shifts, and distinguish spontaneous effects from induced
ones. In addition, we theoretically predict the time-dependence of subradiance,
and the phase change of the radiated field during the cooperative decay.
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