Related papers: Coherent spin dynamics of rare-earth doped crystals in the high-cooperativity regime

Coherent spin dynamics of rare-earth doped crystals in the high-cooperativity regime

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.04027v2
Date: Mon, 20 Jun 2022 09:21:06 GMT
Title: Coherent spin dynamics of rare-earth doped crystals in the high-cooperativity regime
Authors: Joseph Alexander, Gavin Dold, Oscar W. Kennedy, Mantas \v{S}im\.enas, James O'Sullivan, Christoph W. Zollitsch, Sacha Welinski, Alban Ferrier, Elo\"ise Lafitte-Houssat, Tobias Lindstr\"om, Philippe Goldner, John J. L. Morton
Abstract summary: Rare-earth doped crystals have long coherence times and the potential to provide quantum interfaces between microwave and optical photons. We measure spin dynamics of two rare-earth spin species, $145$Nd and Yb doped into Y$_2$SiO$_5$, coupled to a planar microwave resonator in the high cooperativity regime. We identify relevant decoherence mechanisms including instantaneous diffusion arising from resonant spins and temperature-dependent spectral diffusion from impurity electron and nuclear spins.
Score: 0.7586208381054043
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Abstract: Rare-earth doped crystals have long coherence times and the potential to provide quantum interfaces between microwave and optical photons. Such applications benefit from a high cooperativity between the spin ensemble and a microwave cavity -- this motivates an increase in the rare earth ion concentration which in turn impacts the spin coherence lifetime. We measure spin dynamics of two rare-earth spin species, $^{145}$Nd and Yb doped into Y$_{2}$SiO$_{5}$, coupled to a planar microwave resonator in the high cooperativity regime, in the temperature range 1.2 K to 14 mK. We identify relevant decoherence mechanisms including instantaneous diffusion arising from resonant spins and temperature-dependent spectral diffusion from impurity electron and nuclear spins in the environment. We explore two methods to mitigate the effects of spectral diffusion in the Yb system in the low-temperature limit, first, using magnetic fields of up to 1 T to suppress impurity spin dynamics and, second, using transitions with low effective g-factors to reduce sensitivity to such dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate how the `clock transition' present in the $^{171}$Yb system at zero field can be used to increase coherence times up to $T_{2} = 6(1)$ ms.

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