Quantum computation of dynamical quantum phase transitions and entanglement tomography in a lattice gauge theory

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03089v2
• Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2023 21:42:33 GMT
• Title: Quantum computation of dynamical quantum phase transitions and entanglement tomography in a lattice gauge theory
• Authors: Niklas Mueller, Joseph A. Carolan, Andrew Connelly, Zohreh Davoudi, Eugene F. Dumitrescu, K\"ubra Yeter-Aydeniz
• Abstract summary: Strongly-coupled gauge theories far from equilibrium may exhibit unique features that could illuminate the physics of the early universe. We compute non-equal time correlation functions and perform entanglement tomography of non-equilibrium states of a simple lattice gauge theory. Results constitute the first observation of a dynamical quantum phase transition in a lattice gauge theory on a quantum computer.
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• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: Strongly-coupled gauge theories far from equilibrium may exhibit unique features that could illuminate the physics of the early universe and of hadron and ion colliders. Studying real-time phenomena has proven challenging with classical-simulation methods, but is a natural application of quantum simulation. To demonstrate this prospect, we quantum compute non-equal time correlation functions and perform entanglement tomography of non-equilibrium states of a simple lattice gauge theory, the Schwinger model, using a trapped-ion quantum computer by IonQ Inc. As an ideal target for near-term devices, a recently-predicted [Zache et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 050403 (2019)] dynamical quantum phase transition in this model is studied by preparing, quenching, and tracking the subsequent non-equilibrium dynamics in three ways: i) overlap echos signaling dynamical transitions, ii) non-equal time correlation functions with an underlying topological nature, and iii) the entanglement structure of non-equilibrium states, including entanglement Hamiltonians. These results constitute the first observation of a dynamical quantum phase transition in a lattice gauge theory on a quantum computer, and are a first step toward investigating topological phenomena in nuclear and high-energy physics using quantum technologies.

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