Long-time equilibration can determine transient thermality
- URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2212.00698v2
- Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2023 17:23:50 GMT
- Title: Long-time equilibration can determine transient thermality
- Authors: Karen V. Hovhannisyan, Somayyeh Nemati, Carsten Henkel, Janet Anders
- Abstract summary: A system is g-locally thermal if the states of all its small subsystems are marginals of global thermal states.
We numerically demonstrate for two harmonic lattices that whenever the total system equilibrates in the long run, each lattice remains g-locally thermal at all times, including the transient regime.
- Score: 0.0
- License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
- Abstract: When two initially thermal many-body systems start interacting strongly,
their transient states quickly become non-Gibbsian, even if the systems
eventually equilibrate. To see beyond this apparent lack of structure during
the transient regime, we use a refined notion of thermality, which we call
g-local. A system is g-locally thermal if the states of all its small
subsystems are marginals of global thermal states. We numerically demonstrate
for two harmonic lattices that whenever the total system equilibrates in the
long run, each lattice remains g-locally thermal at all times, including the
transient regime. This is true even when the lattices have long-range
interactions within them. In all cases, we find that the equilibrium is
described by the generalized Gibbs ensemble, with three-dimensional lattices
requiring special treatment due to their extended set of conserved charges. We
compare our findings with the well-known two-temperature model. While its
standard form is not valid beyond weak coupling, we show that at strong
coupling it can be partially salvaged by adopting the concept of a g-local
temperature.
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