Spritz-PS: Validation of Synthetic Face Images Using a Large Dataset of Printed Documents

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.02982v1
• Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2023 10:28:34 GMT
• Title: Spritz-PS: Validation of Synthetic Face Images Using a Large Dataset of Printed Documents
• Authors: Ehsan Nowroozi, Yoosef Habibi, Mauro Conti
• Abstract summary: We provide a novel dataset made up of a large number of synthetic and natural printed IRISes taken from VIPPrint Printed and Scanned face images. To highlight the problems involved with the evaluation of the dataset's IRIS images, we conducted a large number of analyses employing Siamese Neural Networks.
• Score: 23.388645531702597
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: The capability of doing effective forensic analysis on printed and scanned (PS) images is essential in many applications. PS documents may be used to conceal the artifacts of images which is due to the synthetic nature of images since these artifacts are typically present in manipulated images and the main artifacts in the synthetic images can be removed after the PS. Due to the appeal of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), synthetic face images generated with GANs models are difficult to differentiate from genuine human faces and may be used to create counterfeit identities. Additionally, since GANs models do not account for physiological constraints for generating human faces and their impact on human IRISes, distinguishing genuine from synthetic IRISes in the PS scenario becomes extremely difficult. As a result of the lack of large-scale reference IRIS datasets in the PS scenario, we aim at developing a novel dataset to become a standard for Multimedia Forensics (MFs) investigation which is available at [45]. In this paper, we provide a novel dataset made up of a large number of synthetic and natural printed IRISes taken from VIPPrint Printed and Scanned face images. We extracted irises from face images and it is possible that the model due to eyelid occlusion captured the incomplete irises. To fill the missing pixels of extracted iris, we applied techniques to discover the complex link between the iris images. To highlight the problems involved with the evaluation of the dataset's IRIS images, we conducted a large number of analyses employing Siamese Neural Networks to assess the similarities between genuine and synthetic human IRISes, such as ResNet50, Xception, VGG16, and MobileNet-v2. For instance, using the Xception network, we achieved 56.76\% similarity of IRISes for synthetic images and 92.77% similarity of IRISes for real images.

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