LeafAI: query generator for clinical cohort discovery rivaling a human programmer

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.06203v2
• Date: Mon, 14 Aug 2023 18:45:55 GMT
• Title: LeafAI: query generator for clinical cohort discovery rivaling a human programmer
• Authors: Nicholas J Dobbins, Bin Han, Weipeng Zhou, Kristine Lan, H. Nina Kim, Robert Harrington, Ozlem Uzuner, Meliha Yetisgen
• Abstract summary: We create a system capable of generating data model-agnostic queries. We also provide novel logical reasoning capabilities for complex clinical trial eligibility criteria.
• Score: 4.410832512630809
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Objective: Identifying study-eligible patients within clinical databases is a critical step in clinical research. However, accurate query design typically requires extensive technical and biomedical expertise. We sought to create a system capable of generating data model-agnostic queries while also providing novel logical reasoning capabilities for complex clinical trial eligibility criteria. Materials and Methods: The task of query creation from eligibility criteria requires solving several text-processing problems, including named entity recognition and relation extraction, sequence-to-sequence transformation, normalization, and reasoning. We incorporated hybrid deep learning and rule-based modules for these, as well as a knowledge base of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and linked ontologies. To enable data-model agnostic query creation, we introduce a novel method for tagging database schema elements using UMLS concepts. To evaluate our system, called LeafAI, we compared the capability of LeafAI to a human database programmer to identify patients who had been enrolled in 8 clinical trials conducted at our institution. We measured performance by the number of actual enrolled patients matched by generated queries. Results: LeafAI matched a mean 43% of enrolled patients with 27,225 eligible across 8 clinical trials, compared to 27% matched and 14,587 eligible in queries by a human database programmer. The human programmer spent 26 total hours crafting queries compared to several minutes by LeafAI. Conclusions: Our work contributes a state-of-the-art data model-agnostic query generation system capable of conditional reasoning using a knowledge base. We demonstrate that LeafAI can rival an experienced human programmer in finding patients eligible for clinical trials.

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