Realization of algorithmic identification of cause and effect in quantum correlations

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.10192v1
• Date: Thu, 20 Apr 2023 10:06:38 GMT
• Title: Realization of algorithmic identification of cause and effect in quantum correlations
• Authors: Zhao-An Wang, Yu Meng, Zheng-Hao Liu, Yi-Tao Wang, Shang Yu, Wei Liu, Zhi-Peng Li, Yuan-Ze Yang, Nai-Jie Guo, Xiao-Dong Zeng, Jian-Shun Tang, Chuan-Feng Li, and Guang-Can Guo
• Abstract summary: A quantum perspective of correlations holds the promise of overcoming the limitation by Reichenbach's principle. We have devised an algorithm capable of identifying any two-qubit statistical correlations generated by the two basic causal structures under an observational scenario. Our result paves the way for studying quantum causality in general settings.
• Score: 13.164461672508711
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Causal inference revealing causal dependencies between variables from empirical data has found applications in multiple sub-fields of scientific research. A quantum perspective of correlations holds the promise of overcoming the limitation by Reichenbach's principle and enabling causal inference with only the observational data. However, it is still not clear how quantum causal inference can provide operational advantages in general cases. Here, we have devised a photonic setup and experimentally realized an algorithm capable of identifying any two-qubit statistical correlations generated by the two basic causal structures under an observational scenario, thus revealing a universal quantum advantage in causal inference over its classical counterpart. We further demonstrate the explainability and stability of our causal discovery method which is widely sought in data processing algorithms. Employing a fully observational approach, our result paves the way for studying quantum causality in general settings.

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