Quantum Non-classicality from Causal Data Fusion

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2405.19252v1
• Date: Wed, 29 May 2024 16:35:59 GMT
• Title: Quantum Non-classicality from Causal Data Fusion
• Authors: Pedro Lauand, Bereket Ngussie Bekele, Elie Wolfe,
• Abstract summary: Bell's theorem shows that quantum correlations are incompatible with a classical theory of cause and effect. We investigate the problem of causal data fusion that aims to piece together data tables collected under heterogeneous conditions. We demonstrate the existence of quantum non-classicality resulting from data fusion, even in scenarios where achieving standard Bell non-classicality is impossible.
• Score: 0.8437187555622164
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Abstract: Bell's theorem, a cornerstone of quantum theory, shows that quantum correlations are incompatible with a classical theory of cause and effect. Through the lens of causal inference, it can be understood as a particular case of causal compatibility, which delves into the alignment of observational data with a given causal structure. Here, we explore the problem of causal data fusion that aims to piece together data tables collected under heterogeneous conditions. We investigate the quantum non-classicality that emerges when integrating both passive observations and interventions within an experimental setup. Referred to as "non-classicality from data fusion," this phenomenon is identified and scrutinized across all latent exogenous causal structures involving three observed variables. Notably, we demonstrate the existence of quantum non-classicality resulting from data fusion, even in scenarios where achieving standard Bell non-classicality is impossible. Furthermore, we showcase the potential for attaining non-classicality across multiple interventions using quantum resources. This work extends a more compact parallel letter on the same subject and provides all the required technical proofs.

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