Two to Five Truths in Non-Negative Matrix Factorization

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.05389v2
• Date: Tue, 5 Sep 2023 16:14:56 GMT
• Title: Two to Five Truths in Non-Negative Matrix Factorization
• Authors: John M. Conroy, Neil P Molino, Brian Baughman, Rod Gomez, Ryan Kaliszewski, and Nicholas A. Lines
• Abstract summary: We present a scaling inspired by the normalized Laplacian (NL) for graphs that can greatly improve the quality of a non-negative matrix factorization. The matrix scaling gives significant improvement for text topic models in a variety of datasets.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: In this paper, we explore the role of matrix scaling on a matrix of counts when building a topic model using non-negative matrix factorization. We present a scaling inspired by the normalized Laplacian (NL) for graphs that can greatly improve the quality of a non-negative matrix factorization. The results parallel those in the spectral graph clustering work of \cite{Priebe:2019}, where the authors proved adjacency spectral embedding (ASE) spectral clustering was more likely to discover core-periphery partitions and Laplacian Spectral Embedding (LSE) was more likely to discover affinity partitions. In text analysis non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is typically used on a matrix of co-occurrence ``contexts'' and ``terms" counts. The matrix scaling inspired by LSE gives significant improvement for text topic models in a variety of datasets. We illustrate the dramatic difference a matrix scalings in NMF can greatly improve the quality of a topic model on three datasets where human annotation is available. Using the adjusted Rand index (ARI), a measure cluster similarity we see an increase of 50\% for Twitter data and over 200\% for a newsgroup dataset versus using counts, which is the analogue of ASE. For clean data, such as those from the Document Understanding Conference, NL gives over 40\% improvement over ASE. We conclude with some analysis of this phenomenon and some connections of this scaling with other matrix scaling methods.

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