Related papers: Observing dynamical phases of BCS superconductors in a cavity QED simulator

Observing dynamical phases of BCS superconductors in a cavity QED simulator

URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.00066v2
Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2024 18:52:47 GMT
Title: Observing dynamical phases of BCS superconductors in a cavity QED simulator
Authors: Dylan J. Young, Anjun Chu, Eric Yilun Song, Diego Barberena, David Wellnitz, Zhijing Niu, Vera M. Sch\"afer, Robert J. Lewis-Swan, Ana Maria Rey, James K. Thompson
Abstract summary: In conventional superconductors, electrons with opposite momenta bind into Cooper pairs due to an attractive interaction mediated by phonons in the material. Superconductivity naturally emerges at thermal equilibrium, but can also emerge out of equilibrium when the system's parameters are abruptly changed. Here we realize an alternate way to generate the proposed dynamical phases using cavity quantum electrodynamics.
Score: 0.0
License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Abstract: In conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconductors, electrons with opposite momenta bind into Cooper pairs due to an attractive interaction mediated by phonons in the material. While superconductivity naturally emerges at thermal equilibrium, it can also emerge out of equilibrium when the system's parameters are abruptly changed. The resulting out-of-equilibrium phases are predicted to occur in real materials and ultracold fermionic atoms but have not yet all been directly observed. Here we realize an alternate way to generate the proposed dynamical phases using cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED). Our system encodes the presence or absence of a Cooper pair in a long-lived electronic transition in $^{88}$Sr atoms coupled to an optical cavity and represents interactions between electrons as photon-mediated interactions through the cavity. To fully explore the phase diagram, we manipulate the ratio between the single-particle dispersion and the interactions after a quench and perform real-time tracking of subsequent dynamics of the superconducting order parameter using non-destructive measurements. We observe regimes where the order parameter decays to zero (phase I), assumes a non-equilibrium steady-state value (phase II), or exhibits persistent oscillations (phase III). This opens up exciting prospects for quantum simulation, including the potential to engineer unconventional superconductors and to probe beyond mean-field effects like the spectral form factor, and for increasing coherence time for quantum sensing.

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