Masked Diffusion Models Are Fast Distribution Learners

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.11363v4
• Date: Mon, 27 Nov 2023 11:34:52 GMT
• Title: Masked Diffusion Models Are Fast Distribution Learners
• Authors: Jiachen Lei, Qinglong Wang, Peng Cheng, Zhongjie Ba, Zhan Qin, Zhibo Wang, Zhenguang Liu, Kui Ren
• Abstract summary: Diffusion models are commonly trained to learn all fine-grained visual information from scratch. We show that it suffices to train a strong diffusion model by first pre-training the model to learn some primer distribution. Then the pre-trained model can be fine-tuned for various generation tasks efficiently.
• Score: 32.485235866596064
• License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Abstract: Diffusion model has emerged as the \emph{de-facto} model for image generation, yet the heavy training overhead hinders its broader adoption in the research community. We observe that diffusion models are commonly trained to learn all fine-grained visual information from scratch. This paradigm may cause unnecessary training costs hence requiring in-depth investigation. In this work, we show that it suffices to train a strong diffusion model by first pre-training the model to learn some primer distribution that loosely characterizes the unknown real image distribution. Then the pre-trained model can be fine-tuned for various generation tasks efficiently. In the pre-training stage, we propose to mask a high proportion (e.g., up to 90\%) of input images to approximately represent the primer distribution and introduce a masked denoising score matching objective to train a model to denoise visible areas. In subsequent fine-tuning stage, we efficiently train diffusion model without masking. Utilizing the two-stage training framework, we achieves significant training acceleration and a new FID score record of 6.27 on CelebA-HQ $256 \times 256$ for ViT-based diffusion models. The generalizability of a pre-trained model further helps building models that perform better than ones trained from scratch on different downstream datasets. For instance, a diffusion model pre-trained on VGGFace2 attains a 46\% quality improvement when fine-tuned on a different dataset that contains only 3000 images. Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/jiachenlei/maskdm}.

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