Collectively enhanced Ramsey readout by cavity sub- to superradiant transition

• URL: http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.12544v2
• Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2023 23:53:36 GMT
• Title: Collectively enhanced Ramsey readout by cavity sub- to superradiant transition
• Authors: Eliot Bohr, Sofus L. Kristensen, Christoph Hotter, Stefan Alaric Sch\"affer, Julian Robinson-Tait, Jan W. Thomsen, Tanya Zelevinsky, Helmut Ritsch, J\"org Helge M\"uller
• Abstract summary: We experimentally confirm a minimum threshold for superradiant emission on a narrow optical transition. A $pi/2$-pulse places the atoms in a subradiant state, protected from collective cavity decay. The scheme is a fundamentally new approach to atomic state readout characterized by its speed, simplicity, and high sensitivity.
• Score: 0.0
• License: http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
• Abstract: When an inverted ensemble of atoms is tightly packed on the scale of its emission wavelength or when the atoms are collectively strongly coupled to a single cavity mode, their dipoles will align and decay rapidly via a superradiant burst. However, a spread-out dipole phase distribution theory predicts a required minimum threshold of atomic excitation for superradiance to occur. Here we experimentally confirm this predicted threshold for superradiant emission on a narrow optical transition when exciting the atoms transversely and show how to take advantage of the resulting sub- to superradiant transition. A $\pi/2$-pulse places the atoms in a subradiant state, protected from collective cavity decay, which we exploit during the free evolution period in a corresponding Ramsey pulse sequence. The final excited state population is read out via superradiant emission from the inverted atomic ensemble after a second $\pi/2$-pulse, and with minimal heating this allows for multiple Ramsey sequences within one experimental cycle. Our scheme is a fundamentally new approach to atomic state readout characterized by its speed, simplicity, and high sensitivity. It demonstrates the potential of sensors using collective effects in cavity-coupled quantum emitters.

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